Primer sequences10/31/2023 ![]() Additionally, sampling feasibility heavily depends on weather and water conditions. 2019), which is increasingly scarce and declining in availability(Hopkins and Freckleton 2002). These capture-based sampling methods are both invasive and destructive, and subsequent morphological identification of specimens based on taxonomic expertise is also required (Thomsen and Willerslev 2015 Andruszkiewicz et al. Moreover, biodiversity monitoring of macroorganisms such as fishery resources is laborious, costly, and time consuming, often relying on direct capture of specimens through various kinds of netting, trapping, or fishing (Thomsen et al. Regarding fish, over 32,000 species are known from aquatic environments worldwide, and an average of around 400 new species were described annually between 20 (Nelson et al. In contrast, the enormous biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, which include a myriad of unknown species, cannot automatically be monitored like physical attributes, making continuous biodiversity monitoring difficult (Fujikura et al. 2011 Quesne and Pinnegar 2012 Cheung et al. 2013), both of which are causing ecosystem changes (Pörtner 2008 Robison 2009) and, in turn, have a serious impact on human life including fisheries (Sumaila et al. Well-known examples include global warming and ocean acidification (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. Such ecosystem changes have been recognized principally through physical attributes (e.g., water temperature and pH), as these attributes are easily measurable with great accuracy, and an international observation network has been constructed for continuous monitoring (Riser et al. The evaluation of ecosystem health inevitably requires continuous monitoring of biotic and abiotic components in ecosystems because we can only detect, for example, environmental degradation or biodiversity loss when temporal changes in ecosystems occur (Rapport et al. This approach is called “ecosystem-based fishery management,” and its overall objective is to sustain healthy ecosystems and the fisheries they support (Pikitch et al. In response to this trend, a subcommittee of the Science Council of Japan recently published a report advocating the ecosystem approach to fisheries management ( ). However, worldwide fisheries management is currently undergoing a paradigm shift from such a single-species approach to an ecosystem approach (Koslow 2009 Fogarty 2014 Brinson and Wallmo 2015 Long et al. To maximize the benefits of these ecosystem services, fisheries management had previously focused on maximizing the catch of a single target species, often ignoring habitat, predators, and prey of the target species and other ecosystem components and interactions (Pikitch et al. Indeed, fisheries derive enormous benefits directly or indirectly from aquatic ecosystems, and those benefits are collectively referred to as ecosystem services (Costanza et al. In the past three decades biodiversity monitoring has been widely recognized as essential for ecosystem conservation and sustainable use of biological resources (Common and Norton 1994 Lepetz et al. By recognizing the MiFish eDNA metabarcoding strengths and limitations, we argue that this method is useful for ecosystem conservation strategies and the sustainable use of fishery resources in “ecosystem-based fishery management” through continuous biodiversity monitoring at multiple sites. Additionally, we discuss various applications of MiFish metabarcoding to non-fish organisms, single-species detection systems, quantitative biodiversity monitoring, and bulk DNA samples other than eDNA. Here, we outline the technical progress in this method over the last 5 years and highlight some case studies on marine, freshwater, and estuarine fish communities. Since the publication of its technical outline in 2015, this method has been widely used in various aquatic environments in and around the six continents, and MiFish primers have demonstrably outperformed other competing primers. This method has mostly been applied to biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA) shed from fish and, coupled with next-generation sequencing technologies, has enabled massively parallel sequencing of several hundred eDNA samples simultaneously. 170 bp from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene) across a wide variety of taxa. We reviewed the current methodology and practices of the DNA metabarcoding approach using a universal PCR primer pair MiFish, which co-amplifies a short fragment of fish DNA (approx.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |